Lesson 1 Proficiency test

1、 问题:Section B In-depth reading. 15MINWhen Catholic clergy or “pro-life” politicians argue that abortion laws should be tightened, they do so in the belief that this will reduce the number of terminations. Yet the largest global study of abortion ever undertaken casts doubt on that simple proposition. Restricting abortions, the study says, has little effect on the number of pregnancies terminated. Rather, it drives women to seek illegal, often unsafe backstreet abortions leading to an estimated 67.000 deaths a year. A further 5m women require hospital treatment as a result of botched procedures.In Africa and Asia, where abortion is generally either illegal or restricted, the abortion rate in 2003 (the latest year for which figures are available) was 29 per 1,000 women aged 15-44. This is almost identical to the rate in Europe-28-where legal abortions are widely available. Latin America, which has some of the world’s most restrictive abortion laws, is the region with the highest abortion rate, while western Europe, which has some of the most liberal laws, has the lowest.The study, carried out by the Guttmacher Institute in New York in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO)and published in a British medical journal, the Lancet, found that most abortions occur in developing countries-35m a year, compared with just 7m in rich countries. But this was largely a reflection of population size. A woman’s likelihood of having an abortion is similar whether she lives in a rich country (26 per 1,000) or a poor or middle-income one .Lest it be thought that these sweeping continental numbers hide as much as they reveal, the same point can be made by looking at those countries which have changed their laws. Between 1995 and 2005,17 nations liberalized abortion legislation, while three tightened restrictions. The number of induced abortions nevertheless declined from nearly 46m in 1995 to 42m in 2003, resulting in a fall in the worldwide abortion rate from 35 to 29. The most dramatic drop-from 90 to 44 was in Eastern Europe, where abortion is generally legal, safe and cheap. This coincided with a big increase in contraceptive use in the region which still has the world’s highest abortion rate, with more terminations than live births.The risk of dying in a botched abortion is only part of a broader problem of maternal health in poor countries. Of all the inequalities of development, this is arguably the worst. According to a report published this week by Population Action International, a Washington-based lobby group, women in poor countries are 250 times more likely to die in pregnancy or childbirth than women in rich ones. Of the 535,000 women who died in childbirth or from pregnancy-related complications in 2005,99% were in developing countries, according to another report by a group of UN agencies, including WHO, also out this week. Africa accounted for more than half such deaths. As the UN report noted, countries with the highest levels of maternal mortality have made the least progress towards reducing it. A woman in Africa has a one in 16 chance of dying in pregnancy or childbirth, compared with one in 3,800 for a woman in the rich world.11.The word “botched”(Line 5, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____
选项：
A:awkward
B:wrong
C:backward
D: bungled
答案: 【 bungled】

2、 问题:2.The fact that the abortion rate in Africa and Asia in 2003 is almost identical to that in Europe implies that the abortion rate_____
选项：
A:has nothing to do with a country’s national wealt
B:has nothing to do with a country’s restricting measures on abortion
C:cannot be lowered through the legal measures
D: can be controlled by the implement of tightened abortion laws
答案: 【cannot be lowered through the legal measures】

3、 问题:13.The conclusion of the study can be proved by the following proofs offered in the passage except that_______
选项：
A:the abortion rate in countries with strict abortion laws is higher than that of the countries with liberal laws
B:there are much more abortions occurring in developing countries than in developed countries
C:there was a dramatic drop in Eastern Europe between 1995 and 2005
D:there was a big increase in contraceptive use in the region which still has the world’s highest abortion rate between 1995 and 2005
答案: 【there are much more abortions occurring in developing countries than in developed countries】

4、 问题:14.Women in poor countries are much more likely dying in childbirth or pregnancy than women in rich countries because of_____
选项：
A:botched procedures of abortion in poor countries
B:inequalities of development between rich and poor countries
C:ignorance of and little emphasis on the maternal health in poor countries
D:strict abortion laws in poor countries
答案: 【ignorance of and little emphasis on the maternal health in poor countries】

5、 问题:15.The passage is mainly about_____
选项：
A:a study on the abortion rate between developed and developing countries
B:a study on the abortion laws in different countries
C:a study on the general maternal health condition in different countries
D:a study on the influence of the abortion laws on the abortion rate
答案: 【a study on the influence of the abortion laws on the abortion rate】

6、 问题:Section A Banked cloze The key element to successful interviewing is not your experience, your grades, what classes you took, your extracurricular activities, or any of the other basic necessities. Those skills are what got you the interview. The key element to successful interviewing can be summed up in one word: attitude. If you want to rise above others with better experience, better grades, or better anything, you will need to work on developing a highly1 work attitude.Your attitude determines whether you will “make the cut” or be 2.There are plenty of competitors with the ability to do almost any given job-especially at the entry level. The way most employers 3at the entry level is by candidates’ attitudes toward the job. Your attitude is often what recruiters will remember when the dust has settled after reviewing ten, twenty or more candidates——the one who was 4willing to put forth his very best effort. If you have the attitude of wanting to do your very best for the company, of being focused on the company’s needs, of putting yourself forth as the person who will be committed and 5 to fulfilling their needs, you will likely be the one chosen. Why is attitude so important? Because most companies already have their full share of multi-talented superstars who care about no one but themselves. Ask any manager who the most valuable member of his team is, and he will point not to the 6superstar,but to the person who has the “can do” attitude, the person who can be counted on in any situation, the person who truly strives for 7. Give me a team player who is achieving at 99% and I will take her over a flashy superstar who is running at 50% 8 any day of the week. And so will 99% of all hiring managers. So don’t worry if you are not “superstar” quality. If you can show me, in your words and actions, that you are ready to put forth your very best effort toward achieving excellence, you will be chosen over the superstar. You can show your winning attitude in the way you present yourself. 9the actual words “positive attitude”, “excellence” and “striving to be my best” into your interview language.If you can show me, by words and examples, your “can do” attitude, it is you I will hire, while all of the superstars will receive polite 10letters to add to their growing collections.A) chronic F) differentiate K) IncorporateB) coherently G) discarded L) overratedC) dedicated H) Dissipate M) positiveD) deficiency I) efficiency N) rejectionE) designated J) excellence O) sincerely
答案: 【M】

7、 问题:Your attitude determines whether you will “make the cut” or be 2. A) chronic F) differentiate K) IncorporateB) coherently G) discarded L) overratedC) dedicated H) Dissipate M) positiveD) deficiency I) efficiency N) rejectionE) designated J) excellence O) sincerely
答案: 【G】

8、 问题:The way most employers 3at the entry level is by candidates’ attitudes toward the job. A) chronic F) differentiate K) IncorporateB) coherently G) discarded L) overratedC) dedicated H) Dissipate M) positiveD) deficiency I) efficiency N) rejectionE) designated J) excellence O) sincerely
答案: 【F】

9、 问题: Your attitude is often what recruiters will remember when the dust has settled after reviewing ten, twenty or more candidates——the one who was 4willing to put forth his very best effort. A) chronic F) differentiate K) IncorporateB) coherently G) discarded L) overratedC) dedicated H) Dissipate M) positiveD) deficiency I) efficiency N) rejectionE) designated J) excellence O) sincerely
答案: 【O】

10、 问题:If you have the attitude of wanting to do your very best for the company, of being focused on the company’s needs, of putting yourself forth as the person who will be committed and 5 to fulfilling their needs, you will likely be the one chosen. A) chronic F) differentiate K) IncorporateB) coherently G) discarded L) overratedC) dedicated H) Dissipate M) positiveD) deficiency I) efficiency N) rejectionE) designated J) excellence O) sincerely
答案: 【C】

11、 问题: Ask any manager who the most valuable member of his team is, and he will point not to the 6superstarA) chronic F) differentiate K) IncorporateB) coherently G) discarded L) overratedC) dedicated H) Dissipate M) positiveD) deficiency I) efficiency N) rejectionE) designated J) excellence O) sincerely
答案: 【L】

12、 问题:but to the person who has the “can do” attitude, the person who can be counted on in any situation, the person who truly strives for 7. A) chronic F) differentiate K) IncorporateB) coherently G) discarded L) overratedC) dedicated H) Dissipate M) positiveD) deficiency I) efficiency N) rejectionE) designated J) excellence O) sincerely
答案: 【J】

13、 问题:Give me a team player who is achieving at 99% and I will take her over a flashy superstar who is running at 50% 8 any day of the week. A) chronic F) differentiate K) IncorporateB) coherently G) discarded L) overratedC) dedicated H) Dissipate M) positiveD) deficiency I) efficiency N) rejectionE) designated J) excellence O) sincerely
答案: 【I】

14、 问题:9the actual words “positive attitude”, “excellence” and “striving to be my best” into your interview language.A) chronic F) differentiate K) IncorporateB) coherently G) discarded L) overratedC) dedicated H) Dissipate M) positiveD) deficiency I) efficiency N) rejectionE) designated J) excellence O) sincerely
答案: 【K】

15、 问题:If you can show me, by words and examples, your “can do” attitude, it is you I will hire, while all of the superstars will receive polite 10letters to add to their growing collections.A) chronic F) differentiate K) IncorporateB) coherently G) discarded L) overratedC) dedicated H) Dissipate M) positiveD) deficiency I) efficiency N) rejectionE) designated J) excellence O) sincerely
答案: 【N】

16、 问题:Section C:Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 16-20, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. 18 mins How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar. (16)_______. You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues; (17)_____Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or ‘true’ meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (18)____ _Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (19) ____. This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods. Place and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page—including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns—debates about texts can play an important in the social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (20) ________ Such dimensions of reading suggest — as other introduced later in the book will also do — that we bring an implicit（often unacknowledged）agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced and more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.A. Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a give course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.B. Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.C. If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.D. In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meaning or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones author intended.E. You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity — inferences that from the basis of personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.F. In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.G. Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or pattering we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.
答案: 【C】

17、 问题:You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues; (17)_________
答案: 【E】

18、 问题:What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or ‘true’ meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (18)_________
答案: 【G】

19、 问题:Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (19) ____.
答案: 【B】

20、 问题: (20) ___________ Such dimensions of reading suggest — as other introduced later in the book will also do — that we bring an implicit（often unacknowledged）agenda to any act of reading.
答案: 【A】

Lesson 2 Skimming

1、 问题:Go through the passage “Body Language” within 1 minute, and answer the question that follows. (Tips: Read the first sentence of each paragraph.)Body Language What does scientific literature tell us about the idea that body language reflects our real feelings? One experiment carried out about 10 years ago by Ross Buck from Carnegie-Mellon University in Pennsylvania suggests that spontaneous facial expression is not a very good index of real emotional state. Buck and his colleagues tested the accuracy with which people could identify the emotions felt by another person. They presented one set of subjects with color slides involving a variety of emotionally-loaded visual stimuli – such as “scenic” slides (landscapes, etc), “maternal” slides (mothers and young children), disgusting slides (severe facial injuries and burns) and unusual slides (art objects). Unknown to these subjects, they were being televised and viewed by another matched set of subjects, who were asked to decide, on the basis of the televised facial expressions, which of the four sets of slides had just been viewed. This experiment involved both male and female pairs, but no pairs comprising both men and women; that is men observed only men, and women observed women. Buck found that the female pairs correctly identified almost 40 per cent of the slides used – this was above the level which would be predicted by chance alone. (Chance level is 25 per cent here, as there were four classes of slide). But male pairs correctly identified only 28 per cent of slides – not significantly above chance level. In other words, this study suggests that facial expression is not a very good index of “real” feeling – and in the case of men watching and interpreting other men, is almost useless.Paul Ekman from the University of California has conducted a long series of experiments on nonverbal leakage (or how nonverbal behavior may reveal real inner states) which has yielded some more positive and counter-intuitive results. Ekman has suggested that nonverbal behavior may indeed provide a clue to real feelings and has explored in some detail people actively involved in deception, where their verbal language is not a true indication of how they really feel. Ekman here agrees with Sigmund Freud, who was also convinced of the importance of nonverbal behavior in spotting deception when he wrote: “He that has eyes to see and ears to hear may convince himself that no mortal can keep a secret. If his lips are silent, he chatters with his finger-tips; betrayal oozes out of him at every pore.”Ekman predicted that the feet and legs would probably hold the best clue to deception because although the face sends out very quick instantaneous messages, people attend to and receive most feedback from the face and therefore try to control it most. In the case of the feet and legs the “transmission time” is much longer but we have little feedback from this part of the body. In other words, we are often unaware of what we are doing with our feet and legs. Ekman suggested that the face is equipped to lie the most (because we are often aware of our facial expression) and to “leak” the most (because it sends out many fast momentary messages) and is therefore going to be a very confusing source of information during deception. The legs and feet would be the primary source of nonverbal leakage and hold the main clue to deception. The form the leakage in the legs and feet would take would include “aggressive foot kicks, flirtatious leg displays, abortive restless flight movements”. Clues to deception could be seen in “tense leg positions, frequent shifts of leg posture, and in restless or repetitive leg and foot movements.”Ekman conducted a series of experiments to test his speculations, some involving psychiatric patients who were engaging in deception, usually to obtain release from hospital. He made films of interviews involving the patients and showed these, without sound, to one of two groups of observers. One group viewed only the face and head, the other group, the body from the neck down. Each observer was given a list of 300 adjectives describing attitudes, emotional state, and so on, and had to say which adjectives best described the patients. The results indicated quite dramatically that individuals who utilized the face tended to be misled by the patients, whereas those who concentrated on the lower body were much more likely to detect the real state of the patients and not be misled by the attempted deception.These studies thus suggest that some body language may indeed reflect our real feelings, even when we are trying to disguise them. Most people can, however, manage to control facial expression quite well and the face often seems to provide little information about real feeling. Paul Ekman has more recently demonstrated that people can be trained to interpret facial expression more accurately but this, not surprisingly, is a slow laborious process. Ekman’s research, suggests that the feet and legs betray a great deal about real feelings and attitudes but the research is nowhere near identifying the meanings of particular foot movements. Ray Birdwhistell of the Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute has gone some way towards identifying some of the basic nonverbal elements of the legs and feet, and as a first approximation has identified 58 separate elements. But the meanings of these particular elements are far from clear and neither are the rules for combining the elements into larger meaningful units. Perhaps in years to come we will have a “language” of the feet provided that we can successfully surmount the problems described earlier in identifying the basic forms of movement following Birdwhistell’s pioneering efforts, of how they may combine into larger units, and in teaching people how they might make sense of apparently contradictory movements. In the meantime, if you go to a party and find someone peering intently at your feet – beware. *********Question:What does this passage want to tell the readers?
选项：
A:Researchers have developed a thorough knowledge about body language.
B:Spontaneous facial expression is not a very good index of real emotional state.
C:Some body language may indeed reflect people’s real feelings.
D:The study of body language is a newly emerged subject.
答案: 【Some body language may indeed reflect people’s real feelings.】

本门课程剩余章节答案为付费内容
本文章不含期末不含主观题！！
本文章不含期末不含主观题！！
支付后可长期查看
有疑问请添加客服QQ 2356025045反馈
如遇卡顿看不了请换个浏览器即可打开
请看清楚了再购买哦，电子资源购买后不支持退款哦
点我支付 ¥5
  已支付？输入手机号或商家订单号阅读
   

发表回复

您的电子邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注