2020 学术英语写作与演讲(上海海事大学) 最新满分章节测试答案

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本课程起止时间为:2020-04-27到2020-07-02
本篇答案更新状态:已完结

8. Method and result Test 4 (Unit 7&8)

1、 问题:When you are working with numbers, concentrating on individual data values, or when accurate or precise values are important, you can use a__. But when you are working with the shape, concentrating on overall pattern or when accurate or precise values are less important, you can use a____.
选项：
A:table… table
B:table…figure
C:figure…table
D:figure…figure
答案: 【table…figure】

2、 问题:Each table must be titled and numbered consecutively, with title /legend going __ the table. Each figure must be numbered consecutively and complete with title/legend going ____ the figure.
选项：
A:above…under
B:above…above
C:under…above
D:under…under
答案: 【above…under】

3、 问题:Which layout of the table is more appropriate?Table 1：AdvantageMeanSD.Percentage of agreement Percentage of disagreementConvenience5.791.0382.10%5.96%Practicability5.092.7468.07%14.02%Table 2：AdvantageMeanSD.Percentage of agreement Percentage of disagreementConvenience5.791.0382.10%5.96%Practicability5.092.7468.07%14.02%
选项：
A:Table 1
B:Table 2
C:
D:
答案: 【Table 1】

4、 问题:Which of the following statements about the second move of an introduction is FALSE?
选项：
A:If you try to outline previous research and show where their research has missed the niche, you can use “however, little research has been conducted on…”
B:If you want to connect what has been done on this topic to your own work, you can use a connector statement, such as “but” or “while.”
C:If you are developing your own line of inquiry into the topic, you can say: Hence additional research is needed.
D:If you’d like to show a contradiction, you can use “however, recent experiments in our laboratory shows that…”
答案: 【If you want to connect what has been done on this topic to your own work, you can use a connector statement, such as “but” or “while.”】

5、 问题:The sentence “The mechanisms that underpin X are not fully understood” is _____.
选项：
A:to refer to previous research
B:to identify a research gap
C:to develop your own line of inquiry into the topic
D:to identify the purpose of your research
答案: 【to identify a research gap】

6、 问题:The sentence “In the literature on X, the relative importance of Y has been subject to considerable discussion” is to ______.
选项：
A:make a counterclaim
B:outline why the topic is relevant or interesting
C:raise some specific research questions
D:state your objectives
答案: 【make a counterclaim】

7、 问题:排序题(Source: Zeng et al., 2008. Tsinghua Science and Technology)1） Most current studies are focusing on analyzing the critical factors which will affect the application and proliferation of e-business technology in organizations based on the technology adoption model (TAM), neglecting the study on how e-business impacts the organizational behavior. However, e-business applications in an organization are a series of continuous activities, so it is more valuable to explore the implementation and application of this new technology on organizational changes than only analyzing the adoption of e-business. 2） This paper presents an e-business transformation process model based on organization transformation theory, which will help enterprise implement e-business transformation strategies more effectively.3） E-business is not just one choice available to enterprises, but every business will become an e-business. Enterprises are being pushed into global competition with the boom of information technology (IT) based on the Internet, with e-business becoming the main platform for many enterprises. The traditional business management and operation models cannot be easily fitted into the new economic environment and there are new forms of competition. Therefore, enterprises need to implement organizational changes to take full advantage of the e-business opportunities; otherwise, they will be forced out of business.
选项：
A:1-2-3
B:3-2-1
C:3-1-2
D:1-3-2
答案: 【3-1-2】

8、 问题:You don’t describe everything in the figure or the table, the basic rule is to choose the most important information. The important information should be
选项：
A:Information relating to your research questions
B:Information showing significance (e.g. p<0.05)
C:Information demonstrating maximum /minimum score or similarities/differences
D:Information showing turning points
答案: 【Information relating to your research questions;
Information showing significance (e.g. p<0.05);
Information demonstrating maximum /minimum score or similarities/differences;
Information showing turning points】

9、 问题:Which of the following sentences may appear in an introduction?
选项：
A:Even though psychology has cataloged a long list of East-West differences, it still lacks an accepted explanation of what causes these differences.
B:In today’s world of social media, the socialization of children must involve many different mediums and approaches.
C:The results indicate that there are significant differences between draft/ revised/ final research papers, and that most students improve their academic writing skills.
D:Academic writing has been the subject of instruction and research for decades in most western universities.
答案: 【Even though psychology has cataloged a long list of East-West differences, it still lacks an accepted explanation of what causes these differences.;
In today’s world of social media, the socialization of children must involve many different mediums and approaches.;
Academic writing has been the subject of instruction and research for decades in most western universities.】

10、 问题:Which of the following statements about an abstract and an introduction are correct?
选项：
A:The conclusion should be given in an abstract but not in an introduction.
B:They both show the results.
C:They both mention the research background.
D:They both report the methods.
答案: 【The conclusion should be given in an abstract but not in an introduction.;
They both mention the research background.】

11、 问题:Which of the following are instruments?
选项：
A:writing tasks
B:questionnaires
C:interviews
D:writing scores
答案: 【writing tasks;
questionnaires;
interviews】

12、 问题:Which of them is included in the method section?
选项：
A:Research background
B:Data collection and analysis
C:Instruments
D:Participants
答案: 【Data collection and analysis;
Instruments;
Participants】

13、 问题:To show your topic’s relevance, your introduction should establish the topic within the realm of real-world circumstances of present day research.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

14、 问题:A literature review is actually a longer and more detailed introduction because it also includes three moves.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

15、 问题:For research papers on engineering or scientific studies, there is usually a separate part of literature review while for many social studies, there is only the introduction.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

16、 问题:The data collected from open-ended questions in a questionnaire is quantitative data.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

17、 问题:请将下列段落排序，序号请按照前后顺序分别填入17-24题中，即17-24题各填入一个数字。注：若排序顺序为1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8，则在第17题中填入1，第18题中填入2，以此类推，第24题中填入8。(Source: Tilman & Clark, 2014. Nature)1) Because it directly links and negatively affects human and environmental health, the global dietary transition is one of the great challenges facing humanity. Meaningful solutions will not be easily achieved. Solutions will require analyses of the quantitative linkages between diets, the environment and human health, on which we focus here, and the efforts of nutritionists, agriculturists, public health professionals, educators, policy makers and food industries.2) Next we use about 50 years of data for 100 of the world’s more populous nations to analyze global dietary trends and their drivers, then use this information to forecast future diets should past trends continue. To quantify effects of alternative diets on mortality and on type II diabetes, cancer and chronic coronary heart disease, we compile and summarize results of studies encompassing ten million person-years of observations on diet and health. 3) Agriculture is having increasingly strong global impacts on both the environment and human health, often driven by dietary changes. Global agriculture and food production release more than 25% of all greenhouse gases (GHGs) pollute fresh and marine waters with agrochemicals, and use as cropland or pastureland about half of the ice-free land area of Earth. Despite the intensity and impacts of global agriculture, almost a billion people still suffer from inadequate diets and insecure food supplies. 4) Finally, we combine these relationships with projected increases in global population to forecast global environmental implications of current dietary trajectories and to calculate the environmental benefits of diets associated with lower incidences of chronic non-communicable diseases.5) Moreover, the global transition towards diets high in processed foods, refined sugars, refined fats, oils and meats has contributed to 2.1billion people becoming overweight or obese. These dietary shifts and resulting increases in body mass indices (BMI) are associated with increased global incidences of chronic non-communicable diseases, especially type II diabetes, coronary heart disease and some cancers, which are predicted to become two-thirds of the global burden of disease if dietary trends continue. 6) To do so, we first expand on earlier food lifecycle analyses (LCAs) by searching for all published LCAs of GHG emissions of food crop, livestock, fishery and aquaculture production systems that delimited the full ‘cradle to farm gate’ portion of the food/crop lifecycle. 7) Here we compile and analyse global-level data to quantify relationships among diet, environmental sustainability and human health, evaluate potential future environmental impacts of the global dietary transition and explore some possible solutions to the diet–environment–health trilemma (Methods and Supplementary Information). 8) In China, for instance, as incomes increased and diets changed, the incidence of type II diabetes increased from <1% of its population in 1980 to 10% in 2008, partly because type II diabetes occurs at lower BMI levels and earlier in an individual’s life in Asian than in western populations. Moreover, diet-driven increases in global food demand and increases in population are leading to clearing of tropical forests, savannas and grasslands, which threatens species with extinction.现在请在第17题中填入第一个序号。
答案: 【3】

18、 问题:请填入第二个序号。
答案: 【5】

19、 问题:请填入第三个序号。
答案: 【8】

20、 问题:请填入第四个序号。
答案: 【1】

21、 问题:请填入第五个序号。
答案: 【7】

22、 问题:请填入第六个序号。
答案: 【6】

23、 问题:请填入第七个序号。
答案: 【2】

24、 问题:请填入第八个序号。
答案: 【4】

2. Plagiarism, paraphrase and summary Test 1 (Unit 1&2)

1、 问题:Choose the most elaborated topic.
选项：
A:Workers in China
B:Migrant workers in China
C:The rights of migrant workers in China
D:Laws to protect the rights of migrant workers in China
答案: 【Laws to protect the rights of migrant workers in China】

2、 问题:Which of the following is false?
选项：
A:Plagiarism means to steal (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own.
B:Novice writers may sometimes commit plagiarism unintentionally.
C:It is forbidden to turn in one’s own previous work.
D:Mixing copied materials from multiple sources is acceptable.
答案: 【Mixing copied materials from multiple sources is acceptable.】

3、 问题:How to paraphrase? Put the following steps into correct order.1) Write the paraphrase in your own style.2) Cover the original text and rewrite it in your own words. Check that you have included the main points and essential information.3) Read the original source carefully. It is essential that you understand it fully 4). Identify the main point(s) and key words.
选项：
A:4321
B:3421
C:4312
D:3412
答案: 【3421】

4、 问题:Choose the appropriate summaryThe amphibia, which is the animal class to which our frogs and toads belong, were the first animals to crawl from the sea and inhabit the earth.
选项：