2021 材料概论（双语）(盐城工学院) 最新满分章节测试答案

本答案对应课程为:点我自动跳转查看
本课程起止时间为:2021-08-30到2021-11-20
本篇答案更新状态:已完结

Chapter 1 Basic Knowledge of Materials Test of Chapter 1

1、 问题:Materials are defined as used by man to produce items which constitute the support for his living environment.
选项：
A:resources
B:substance
C:solids
D:thing
答案: 【solids】

2、 问题: focus on how to translate or transform materials into a useful device or structure.
选项：
A:material scientists
B:material scientists and engineers
C:material engineers
D:material researchers
答案: 【material engineers】

3、 问题: contain a large percentage of iron such as the steels and cast irons.
选项：
A: ferrous metal and alloys
B: nonferrous metal and alloys
C: rare metal and alloys
D:precious metal and alloys
答案: 【 ferrous metal and alloys】

4、 问题: is the direct conversion of solar into electrical energy has been demonstrated.
选项：
A:new energy
B:nuclear energy
C:Hydrogen fuel cell
D:solar cell
答案: 【solar cell】

5、 问题: are non capable of being regenerated.
选项：
A:Solar cell
B:Nonrenewable materials
C:Hydrogen fuel cell
D:Wind energy
答案: 【Nonrenewable materials】

6、 问题:Many of polymers are organic compounds that are chemically based on , , and other nonmetallic elements
选项：
A:oxygen
B:hydrogen
C:carbon
D:nitrogen
答案: 【hydrogen;
carbon】

7、 问题:Materials science and engineering (MSE) is an interdisciplinary field concerned with inventing new materials and improving previously known materials by developing the deeper understanding of – -synthesis – – relationship
选项：
A: microstructure
B:composition
C:properties
D:processing
E:manufacture
答案: 【 microstructure;
composition;
properties;
processing】

8、 问题:Atomic level structure involves electrons within the individual atoms and interactions with their nuclei.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

9、 问题:The term processing refers to how materials are made from naturally occurring or man-made chemical.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

10、 问题:Many of the common characteristics of material within a category araise from the lowest level of the structure, the nature of the atomic bond that hold them together.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

11、 问题:Structurally, most polymeric materials are crystalline, but some consist of mixture of crystalline and noncrystalline regions.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

12、 问题:We can consider the properties of a material in two categroies—chemical and physical.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

13、 问题:Polymers are molecules composed of many mers bonded together.
答案: 【long-chain】

14、 问题:Ceramic materials are materials that consist of metallic and nonmetallic elements chemically bonded together.
答案: 【inorganic】

15、 问题:Most ceramic materials have high hardness and high-temperature strength but tend to be .
答案: 【brittle】

16、 问题:Metals are commonly divided into two classes: metal and metals.
答案: 【ferrous nonferrous】

17、 问题:Most composite materials consist of a selected or reinforcing material and a compatible resin to obtain the specific characteristics and properties desired.
答案: 【filler binder】

18、 问题:Usually, the composites do not in each other, and they can be physically identified by an interface between them.
答案: 【dissolve】

19、 问题:On a(an) level, structure encompasses the organization of atoms or molecules relative to one another.
答案: 【atomic】

20、 问题:In materials, an underlying truth is: materials depend on the material microstructure, which in turn results from its and processing.
答案: 【properties composites】

21、 问题:One of the most important functions of materials is to establish the relationship between a material or a device’s properties and performance and the microstructure of that material, its composition, and the way the material or the device was synthesized and processed.
答案: 【scientists and engineers】

22、 问题:Material science is a scientific discipline that is primarily concerned with the of the basic knowledge about the internal structure, properties and processing of materials.
答案: 【research】

【作业】Chapter 1 Basic Knowledge of Materials Assignment of Chapter 1

1、 问题:What is material in this introductory?
评分规则: 【 In this introductory work materials are defined as solids used by man to produce items which constitute the support for his living environment.
】

2、 问题:Cite the four types of materials on the basis of their chemical compositions.
评分规则: 【 They are metallic, polymeric, ceramic and composite materials.
】

3、 问题:What are the four elements of materials science and Engineering? Describe the relationship between them.(要求：处文字答题外，另绘制材料四要素关系图）
评分规则: 【 There are the synthesis, structure and composites, properties and performance.In materials, an underlying truth is: materials properties depend on the material microstructure, which in turn results from its composites and processing.
】

4、 问题:翻译：Materials science and engineering (MSE) is an interdisciplinary field concerned with inventing new materials and improving previously known materials by developing the deeper understanding of microstructure-composition-synthesis-processing relationship.
评分规则: 【 材料科学与工程(MSE)是一门跨学科的学科，通过对微观结构-成分-合成-加工关系的深入理解，发明新材料，并改进已有材料。
】

5、 问题:The materials making up the surrounding world consist of discrete particles, having a submicroscopic size. Their behavior is determined by atomic theories. The states of organization of materials range from the complete disorder of atoms or molecules of a gas under weak pressure to the almost complete order of atoms in a monocrystal.
评分规则: 【 构成周围世界的材料是由亚微观大小的离散粒子组成的。 它们的性质是由原子理论决定的。 材料的组织状态可以从在弱压力下气体中原子或分子的完全无序到单晶中原子的完全有序。
】

6、 问题:Metals and alloys are commonly divided into two classes: ferrous metal and alloys that contain a large percentage of iron such as the steels and cast irons and nonferrous metals and alloys that do not contain iron or contain only a relatively small amount of iron.
评分规则: 【 金属和合金通常分为两类:含有大铁的黑色金属和合金，如钢和铸铁，以及不含铁或含铁量相对较少的有色金属和合金。
】

7、 问题:The mechanical properties describe how the material responds to an applied force or stress. The most common mechanical properites are the strength, ductility, and stiffness of the materials. And we are often interested in the impact, fatigue, stability, and wear.
评分规则: 【 机械性能描述了材料对所受的拉力或压力的反应。 最常见的机械性能是材料的强度、延展性和硬度。 而且我们还经常对冲击、疲劳、稳定性和磨损性能感兴趣。
】

【作业】Chapter 2 Inorganic and Nonmetallic Materials Assignment of Chapter 2

1、 问题:2-1.What are the common properties of nearly all form ceramics?
评分规则: 【 What sets ceramics apart is their set of properties common to nearly all forms:(1) extreme hardness,(2) heat resistance,(3) corrosion resistance,(4) low electrical and thermal conductivity, and(5) low ductility, or brittleness
】

2、 问题:2-2.Cite the effects of pores to the strength of ceramics.
评分规则: 【 First, they produce stress concentrations. Second, pores reduce the strength of ceramics because they reduce the cross-sectional areas over which a load can be applied.
】

3、 问题:2-5.What is glass?
评分规则: 【 Glass is non-crystalline product of fusion which has been cooled to a rigid condition with a glass transition temperature Tg.
】

4、 问题:2-7.What is the main cause for the loss of theoretical strength of glass?
评分规则: 【 One of the main causes of this loss of strength is the presence of surface defects, such as those caused by chemical corrosion or mechanical abrasion.
】

5、 问题:2-8.Introduce the two structural theories of glass.
评分规则: 【 Random network theory: The atomic structure of a glass has a short range order, but lacks any long range periodicity.Crystalline theory: The glass is composed of crystallites having distorted crystal lattice but a definite chemical composition.
】

6、 问题:2-9 Introduction the procedures of production of concrete.
评分规则: 【 step1 chioce of slumpStep 2: Choice of maximum size of aggregateStep 3: Estimation of the mixing water content and air contentStep 4: Selection of water-cement ratioStep 5: Calculation of the cement contentStep 6: Estimation of coarse aggregate contentStep 7: Estimation of fine aggregate contentStep 8: Adjustment for the aggregate moistureStep 9: Trial batch adjustments
】

7、 问题:2-10 List the 8 factors of shrinkage of concretes.
评分规则: 【 (a-1) water content ; (a) amount of aggregate used; (b)Properties of the aggregate; (c) size and shape of the concrete mass element; (d)relative humidity and temperature of the environment; (e)method of curing; (f) degree of hydration; and (h) time.
】

Chapter 2 Inorganic and Nonmetallic Materials Test of Chapter 2