2022 环境分析化学(成都理工大学)1468405460 最新满分章节测试答案

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本课程起止时间为:2022-09-12到2022-12-18

【作业】Chapter 6 Ecotoxicology Chapter 6单元作业

小提示:本节包含奇怪的同名章节内容

1、 问题:How to define the ecotoxicology and its extension?
评分规则: 【 The term ecotoxicology is used to define the branch of toxicology concerned with the study of the toxic effects of natural and man-made substance on the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components of the biosphere, and it is often used synonymously with the related term environmental toxicology.
】

2、 问题:Can you give us some toxicant behaviour phenomenon which accumulated and transferred in plant or animal, for example?
评分规则: 【 Answer for reference: Some pesticide was sprinkled to vegetable and the toxicant in it will be transfer into human body and injure man.
】

3、 问题:Briefly summarize the elementary method about bioassays of toxicology. For example.
评分规则: 【 Answer for reference: Aquatic organism toxicant experiment technique.
】

4、 问题:Give the ecological risk assessment of toxicant in living organism through vivid public crisis which happens at times around us.
评分规则: 【 Answer for reference: Melamine（三聚腈胺)）was happened to infant milk and it has seriously damaged the health of baby in China in 2008.
】

5、 问题:Do you think that the most important factors influencing the toxicity of a substance are its physicochemical properties? Why?
评分规则: 【 Answer for reference: Because these physicochemical properties determine its biological activity at the cellular level, which in turn dictates its impact at higher structural levels in a biological system. 
】

6、 问题:Can you give us some toxicant behaviour phenomenon which accumulated and transferred in plant or animal, for example?
评分规则: 【 Answer for reference: Some pesticide was sprinkled to vegetable and the toxicant in it will be transfer into human body and injure man.
】

7、 问题:Briefly summarize the principal methods used for bioassays. 
评分规则: 【 Answer for reference: 
】

【作业】Chapter 3 Speciation Chapter 3单元作业

1、 问题:Write down the definition and importance of speciation.
评分规则: 【 Answer Speciation may be defined as the different physico-chemical forms of an element which together comprise its total concentration in a given sample.Because the total concentration of a polluting element in an environmental sample provides no information concerning the fate of the element in terms of its interaction with sediment, its ability to cross biological membranes, or its resultant toxicity of a metal. Changes in speciation may dramatically affect the toxicity of a metal. Thus, in order to assess the environmental impact of an element, we must have some information concerning its speciation.
】

2、 问题:How many approaches are there in trace metal speciation? What is the advantages and disadvantages of each approaches?
评分规则: 【 Answer There are two main approaches to the evaluation of trace metal speciation-experimental measurement and computer modelling.  The experimental determination of speciation is hampered by a number of problems, such as sensitivity, disruption of the labile equilibrium of the system. Besides, it is tedious and time consuming .The main shortcoming to the computational approach is the reliability of the data used. The results of the model are only as good as the parameters on which they depend and any shortcomings in either the analytical concentration of the system under investigation or in the thermodynamic data will result in a very misleading speciation profile.    The major advantages of computer modelling is that changes to the model can easily be made and thus the effect of say a 10% error in one of the component concentrations can very readily be investigated. Similarly, stability constant data may be varied over a range in order to see if this has any effect on the speciation profile. This type of operation also serves to identify those species which are of major importance. Last but not least, it is very quick and can easily be repeated.
】

3、 问题:Write down the classical five-step sequential extraction approach.
评分规则: 【 AnswerExchangeable metal ions are removed by extraction with neutral ammonium acetate solution; the carbonate fraction extracted using sodium acetate and acetic acid at pH 5; metal ions bound to oxides are removed by reducing these oxides and solubilising the resultant ferrous and manganous species using hydroxylamine and acetic acid; oxidation of organic matter is achieved using hydrogen peroxide in an acidic medium and the final residue metal fraction solubilised by an HF-HClO4 acid digest.
】

Chapter 3 Speciation Chapter 3 单元测验

1、 问题:根据样品的性质来划分，形态可以划分为      金属元素形态、土壤和沉积物中金属元素形态和大气颗粒物形态。
选项：
A:水体中
B:海水中
C:湖水中
D:淡水中
答案: 【水体中】

2、 问题:表征与测定元素（或污染物）在环境中存在的各种物理和化学形态的   称为形态分析。
选项：
A:技术
B:手段
C:过程
D:方法
答案: 【过程】

3、 问题:森林土壤中，       更易被降水淋溶而迁移。
选项：
A:Pb2+比Pb4+
B:Pb4+比Pb2+
C: As(V)比As(Ⅲ)
D:Sb(V)比Sb(Ⅲ)
答案: 【Pb4+比Pb2+】

4、 问题:在Tessier法中，提取碳酸盐结合态的溶剂是         。
选项：
A:1mol/L
MgCl2或NH4Ac ，pH 7.0
B:1mol/L
NaAc – HAc，pH 5.0
C: 0.04mol/L
NH2OH·HCl +4.4mol/L HAc，96℃
D:0.02mol/L
HNO3 +H2O2 pH 2.0, 85℃, 3.2mol/L NH4Ac
+ 3mol/L HNO3 
答案: 【1mol/L
NaAc – HAc，pH 5.0】

5、 问题:在Tessier法中，提取铁锰氧化物结合态的溶剂是         。
选项：
A:1mol/L
MgCl2或NH4Ac ，pH 7.0
B:1mol/L NaAc – HAc，pH 5.0
C:0.04mol/L
NH2OH·HCl +4.4mol/L HAc，96℃
D: 0.02mol/L
HNO3 +H2O2 pH 2.0, 85℃, 3.2mol/L NH4Ac
+ 3mol/L HNO3
答案: 【0.04mol/L
NH2OH·HCl +4.4mol/L HAc，96℃】

6、 问题:在Tessier法中，提取可交换态的溶剂是         。
选项：
A:1mol/L
MgCl2或NH4Ac ，pH 7.0
B:1mol/L
NaAc – HAc，pH 5.0
C:0.04mol/L
NH2OH·HCl +4.4mol/L HAc，96℃
D:0.02mol/L
HNO3 +H2O2 pH 2.0, 85℃, 3.2mol/L NH4Ac
+ 3mol/L HNO3
答案: 【1mol/L
MgCl2或NH4Ac ，pH 7.0】

7、 问题:在Tessier法中，提取有机结合态的溶剂是         。
选项：
A:1mol/L
MgCl2或NH4Ac ，pH 7.0
B:1mol/L
NaAc – HAc，pH 5.0
C:0.04mol/L NH2OH·HCl +4.4mol/L HAc，96℃
D:0.02mol/L
HNO3 +H2O2 pH 2.0, 85℃, 3.2mol/L NH4Ac
+ 3mol/L HNO3
答案: 【0.02mol/L
HNO3 +H2O2 pH 2.0, 85℃, 3.2mol/L NH4Ac
+ 3mol/L HNO3】

8、 问题:在Tessier法中，提取残渣态的溶剂是         。
选项：
A:1mol/L
MgCl2或NH4Ac, pH 7.0
B:HF + HClO4
C:0.04mol/L
NH2OH·HCl +4.4mol/L HAc, 96℃
D:0.02mol/L
HNO3 +H2O2 pH 2.0, 85℃, 3.2mol/L NH4Ac
+ 3mol/L HNO3
答案: 【HF + HClO4】

9、 问题:      是准确形态分析的主要手段。
选项：
A:色谱技术
B:光谱技术 
C:联用技术
D:电化学技术
答案: 【联用技术】

10、 问题:金属与土壤和沉积物组分的结合形态，是根据特定的提取剂和提取步骤来定义的。目前，有代表性的分类方法主要有：
选项：
A:Tessier法 
B:Cambrell法
C:Shuman法
D:BCR法
答案: 【Tessier法 ;
Cambrell法;
Shuman法;
BCR法】

11、 问题: 形态分析采样时需要考虑的主要问题有：
选项：
A:样品的种类   
B:样品的大致浓度范围
C:基体的种类及均匀程度
D:所用分析方法的特殊性
答案: 【样品的种类   ;
样品的大致浓度范围;
基体的种类及均匀程度;
所用分析方法的特殊性】

12、 问题:Speciation may be defined as the different
physico-chemical forms of an element which together
comprise its total concentration in a given sample.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

13、 问题:根据形态的物理化学性质来划分，形态包括物理和化学形态。物理形态包括粒度、溶解度、密度、胶体等；化学形态包括价态、化合态、结合态和结构态。
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

14、 问题:化学形态分析包括筛选形态分析、分组形态分析、分配形态分析和个体形态分析等
选项：
A:正确
B:错误