2020 语言学导论(北京联合大学) 最新满分章节测试答案

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本课程起止时间为:2020-03-02到2020-07-02
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【作业】Chapter One： Invitations to Linguistics What is the difference between phonetics and pholology？

1、 问题:What is the difference between phonetics and pholology? What is the difference between semantics and pragmatics?Review section 1.7 and answer the question in your own words.
评分规则: 【 phonetics describes the speech sounds that can be produced by human being while phonology describes the set of sounds used in a particular language to express meaning
semantics studies the meaning of context-free morpheme, words, phrases, and sentences, while paragmatics studies meaning of utterance in context.
】

【作业】Chapter One： Invitations to Linguistics Homework 2 for chapter 1

1、 问题:1 Do you think that onomatopoeia indicates a non-arbitrary relationship between form and meaning?2 Does the traffic light system have duality, why?
评分规则: 【 Do you think that onomatopoeia indicates a non-arbitrary relationship between form and meaning?
Does the traffic light system have duality, why?
】

Chapter One： Invitations to Linguistics 第一单元语言学导论测试

1、 问题:Chomsky made the distinction between ___.
选项：
A:competence and performance
B:comparative linguistics and historical linguistics
C:langue and parole
D:microlinguistics and macrolinguistics
答案: 【competence and performance】

2、 问题:As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct” linguistic behavior, it is said to be _____.
选项：
A:prescriptive
B:descriptive
C:sociolinguistic
D:psycholinguistic
答案: 【descriptive】

3、 问题:“I can refer to Confucius even though he died 2000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design feature of ____.
选项：
A:arbitrariness
B:duality
C:displacement
D:creativity
答案: 【displacement】

4、 问题:In broad terms, linguists agree to define language as a system of ____vocal symbols used for human communication.
选项：
A:arbitrary
B:motivated
C:conventional
D:dual
答案: 【arbitrary】

5、 问题:There are some well-known theories about the origin of language, among which______ proposes an extremely specific connection between physical and oral gesture.
选项：
A:the oral-gesture theory
B:the bow-wow theory
C:the pooh-pooh theory
D:the yo-he-ho theory
答案: 【the oral-gesture theory】

6、 问题:When people use language to express attitudes, feelings and emotions, people are using the ______function of language.
选项：
A:recreational
B:emotive
C:phatic
D:metalingual
答案: 【emotive】

7、 问题:Which of the following statements is NOT true?
选项：
A:Language consists of the systems of sounds and grammar.
B:Language is instrumental.
C:Language is a system of symbols.
D:Language is social and conventional.
答案: 【Language consists of the systems of sounds and grammar.】

8、 问题:By is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.
选项：
A:duality
B:displacement
C:productivity
D:arbitrariness
答案: 【duality 】

9、 问题:“Language operates by rules” is a fundamental view about language.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】
分析：【“语言的运行要依赖规则” 这是语言学界关于语言的一个基本观点。该说法正确。】

10、 问题:When people use language to indulge in itself for its own sake, people are using the poetic function of language.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】
分析：【根据Jakobson的观点，人们为了欣赏语言本身的妙处而使用语言，即是语言诗学功能的体现。】

11、 问题:According to Halliday’s theory of metafunctions of language, interpersonal function enacts social relationship.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】
分析：【根据韩礼德的语言元功能理论，语言的人际功能使人际关系得以确立。该说法正确。】

12、 问题:According to Chomsky, a language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic performance.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】
分析：【乔姆斯基认为语言使用者对于语言规则体系的潜在的知识是他的语言能力，不是语言表现；该说法错误。】

13、 问题:A synchronic description takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present) as its point of observation.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

14、 问题: Synchronic linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

15、 问题:Saussure made a distinction between langue and parole, which shows his congnitive perspective in the study of language.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】
分析：【Saussure made a distinction between langue and parole, which shows his social perspective in the study of language.】

【作业】Chapter One： Invitations to Linguistics homework 3 for chaper 1

1、 问题:1 What are the seven basic funcitons of language? 2 Discuss the following language functions by analyzing appropriate examples: informative function, interpersonal function and recreational function. Note: the discussion for each function is no less than 80 words.
评分规则: 【 the seven basic funcitons of language
discussion of the informative function, interpersonal function and recreational function
】

【作业】Chapter One： Invitations to Linguistics 补交 homework 2 for chapter 1

1、 问题:1 Do you think that onomatopoeia indicates a non-arbitrary relationship between form and meaning?2 Does the traffic light system have duality, why?
评分规则: 【 1 Onomatopoeia does not indicates a non-arbitrary relationship between form and meaning.
The traffic light system has no duality.
】

【作业】Chapter One： Invitations to Linguistics homework 4 for chapter 1

1、 问题:Discuss the similarities of and differences between Saussure’s langue/parole and Chomsky’s competence/performance. Note that your discussion is no less than 300 words.
评分规则: 【 the similarities of Saussure’s langue/parole and Chomsky’s competence/performance.
the differences between Saussure’s langue/parole and Chomsky’s competence/performance.
】

Chapter One： Invitations to Linguistics Quiz for Unit One (3-27)

1、 问题:Chomsky made the distinction between _____.
选项：
A:langue and parole
B:comparative linguistics and historical linguistics
C:competence and performance
D:microlinguistics and macrolinguistics
答案: 【competence and performance】

2、 问题:As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct” linguistic behavior, it is said to be ____.
选项：
A:descriptive
B:prescriptive
C:sociolinguistics
D:psycholinguistics
答案: 【descriptive】

3、 问题:“I can refer to Confucius even though he died 2000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design feature of ____.
选项：
A:displacement
B:arbitrariness
C:duality
D:creativity
答案: 【displacement】

4、 问题:The study of language has established close relationships with other branches of social sciences. This results in the study of _____.
选项：
A:macrolinguistics
B:descriptive linguistics
C:prescriptive linguistics
D:langeuage per se
答案: 【macrolinguistics】

5、 问题:When you use language to express strong feelings, emotions and attitudes, langugae here serves the ______function.
选项：