2020 语言学概论(云南财经大学) 最新满分章节测试答案

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本课程起止时间为:2020-03-23到2020-07-10
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【作业】Chapter One Invitations to Linguistics Homework-章节作业-1

1、 问题:What are the design features of human language? Illustrate them with examples.
评分规则: 【 1. 语言有四个结构性特征，每个结构性特征分值为5分。2. 要求所给出答案完整、充分。3. 如果只答出四个结构性特征的名称，没有进一步的详解，只给基础分，每答出一个名称给2分，共8分。4. 每个特征的详解部分为3分，共12分。根据所答情况给满分，或者酌情进行相应扣分。
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Chapter One Invitations to Linguistics Examination-章节测试-1

1、 问题:Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】
分析：【Modern linguistics is a descriptive science.】

2、 问题:A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】
分析：【A scientific study of language is basd on linguitic data, or phenomena.】

3、 问题:In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

4、 问题:A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】
分析：【A synchronic, instead of a diachronic, study of language is the description of language at some point in time.】

5、 问题:Modern linguistics regards the speech as primary, not the written language.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

6、 问题:The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】
分析：【The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by Noam Chomsky.】

7、 问题:Language is arbitrary on all the aspects.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】
分析：【Language is arbitrary on the morphemic level only.】

8、 问题:All the language now have both spoken and written form.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】
分析：【Not all the languages now have both spoken and written form. Even today, some language has only spoken form.】

9、 问题:Chomsky defines ___ as the ideal user’s knowledgy of the rules of his language.
答案: 【competence】

10、 问题:_
refers to the lexicon, grammar, and phonology implanted in each
individual by his upbringing in society and on the basis of which he
speaks and understands his language.
答案: 【Langue】

11、 问题:___ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.
答案: 【Duality】

12、 问题:Language is a system of a___ vocal symbols used for human communication.
答案: 【arbitrary】

13、 问题:The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called __.
答案: 【syntax】

14、 问题:_ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.
答案: 【Parole】

15、 问题:Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as __ linguistics.
答案: 【applied】

16、 问题:Linguistics is generally defined as a _ study of language.
答案: 【scientific】

17、 问题:___ is the study of language in terms of the internal structure of words.
答案: 【Morphology】

Chapter Two Speech Sounds Examination-章节测试-2

1、 问题:Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexible.
选项：
A:mouth
B:lips
C:tongue
D:vocal cords
答案: 【tongue】

2、 问题:The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds.
选项：
A:voiced
B:voiceless
C:vowel
D:consonant
答案: 【voiceless】

3、 问题:Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be _____.
选项：
A:minimal pair
B:allophones
C:in complementary distribution
D:in contrast distribution
答案: 【in contrast distribution】

4、 问题:The sound /f/ is _____.
选项：
A:voiced palatal affricate
B:voiced alveolar stop
C:voiceless velar fricative
D:voiceless labiodental fricative
答案: 【voiceless labiodental fricative】

5、 问题:A ____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.
选项：
A:back
B:central
C:front
D:middle
答案: 【front】

6、 问题:A(n) _____ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
选项：
A:phone
B:sound
C:allophone
D:phoneme
答案: 【phoneme】

7、 问题:The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the ____ of that phoneme.
选项：
A:phones
B:sounds
C:allophones
D:phonemes
答案: 【allophones】

8、 问题:In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

9、 问题: A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

10、 问题:Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

11、 问题:Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

12、 问题:English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

13、 问题:According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

14、 问题:Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a number of factors: the position of tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

15、 问题:According to the shape of the lips, vowels can be classified into close vowels, semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open vowels.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误