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Chapter 1 The Generation and Development of Grey System Theory and the Concept and Basic Principles

1、 问题:The research object of gray system theory is：
选项：
A:A.   Clear extension, clear connotation
B:B.   Unclear extension, clear connotation
C:C.   Clear extension, unclear connotation
D:D.   Unclear extension, unclear connotation
答案: 【A.   Clear extension, clear connotation】

2、 问题:Which of the following is not a commonly used research method for uncertain systems?
选项：
A:A.   Probability statistics
B:B.   Fuzzy mathematics
C:C.   Grey system
D:D.   Operations Research
答案: 【D.   Operations Research】

3、 问题:Grey system theory is the scientific method to solve
选项：
A:A.   Complex problems of certainty
B:B.   Semi-deterministic complex problem
C:C.   Uncertain complex problem
D:D.   Uncertain semi-complex problems
答案: 【C.   Uncertain complex problem】

4、 问题:What are the basic characteristics of uncertain system?
答案: 【incomplete information and inaccurate information are the basic characteristics of uncertain systems.】

5、 问题:Briefly describe some cases of incomplete information.
答案: 【incomplete element information; incomplete structure information; incomplete boundary information; incomplete operation behavior information.】

Chapter 2 Grey Number and its Operation Grey Number and its Operation

1、 问题:Which of the following descriptions of gray numbers is correct?
选项：
A:A grey number is a kind of uncertain number which exact value and the range are unknown.
B:A grey number is a kind of uncertain number which exact value is unknown but the range of the number is known.
C:The value range of the gray number can only be an interval.
D:Black and white numbers are not gray numbers.
答案: 【A grey number is a kind of uncertain number which exact value is unknown but the range of the number is known.】

2、 问题:What is general grey number?
选项：
A:Assume that ,then is called a general grey number.
B:Assume that ,then is called a general grey number.
C:Assume that ,then is called a general grey number.
D:Assume that ,then is called a general grey number.
答案: 【Assume that ,then is called a general grey number.】

3、 问题:Assuming , , , try to calculate according to the interval gray number algorithm.,,.
选项：
A:[4，35], [-36，-8], [-1/4，-1/18]
B:[4，35], [-16，-8], [-1/8，-1/18]
C:[4，35], [-36，-16], [-1/4，-1/18]
D:[4，35], [-16，-8], [-1/4，-1/8]
答案: 【[4，35], [-36，-8], [-1/4，-1/18]】

4、 问题:How many different types of grey number are there? 
选项：
A:Grey numbers with only a lower bound.
B:Grey numbers with only an upper bound.
C:Interval grey number.
D:Continuous and discrete grey numbers.
E:Black and white numbers.
F:Essential and non-essential grey numbers.
答案: 【Grey numbers with only a lower bound.;
Grey numbers with only an upper bound.;
Interval grey number.;
Continuous and discrete grey numbers.;
Black and white numbers.;
Essential and non-essential grey numbers.】

5、 问题:Is the following statement about classical possible functions correct?It is a continuous function with fixed starting and ending points so that the left-hand side increases and the right-hand side decreases.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

Chapter 3 Sequence Operators and Grey Data Mining

1、 问题:Which of the following is not a axiom of Buffer Operator?
选项：
A:A.Fixed Point
B:B.In accordance with information
C:C.Unique axiom 
D:D.Expressed normality
答案: 【C.Unique axiom 】

2、 问题:Let X=(10155,12588,23480,35388)，then second order buffered sequence XD^2 is 
选项：
A:A .10155，12588，23480，35388）
B:B.(15323，17685，29456，34567）
C:C.（22341，34215，31625，43251）
D:D.(27260，29547，32411，35388）
答案: 【D.(27260，29547，32411，35388）】

3、 问题:Let X=(x(1),x(2),⋅⋅⋅,x(n)), which the following operators is weakening  operator :
选项：
A:A. x(k)d=(x(1)+x(2)+⋅⋅⋅+x(k-1)+kx(k))/(2k-1);k=1,2,⋅⋅⋅,n-1
B:B. x(k)d=1/(n-k+1) [x(k)+x(k+1)+⋅⋅⋅+x(n)];k=1,2,⋅⋅⋅,n
C:C. x(k)d=(x(k))/(x(n))⋅x(k);k=1,2,⋯,n
D:D. x(k)d=(([x(k)+x(k+1)+⋯x(n)])/((n-k+1)))/(x(n))⋅x(k);k=1,2,⋯n
答案: 【B. x(k)d=1/(n-k+1) [x(k)+x(k+1)+⋅⋅⋅+x(n)];k=1,2,⋅⋅⋅,n】

4、 问题:Let X=(5,8,21,X(4),35)，which the following sequence is the sequence of even generated by adjacent neighbor 
选项：
A:A. ( 5,8,21,24,35 )
B:B. ( 5,8,21,28,35)
C:C. ( 5,8 ,21,25,35) 
D:D. ( 5,8,21,30,35)
答案: 【B. ( 5,8,21,28,35)】

5、 问题:For the sequence X=(x(1) ,x(2),…, x(n)，if Z stands for the sequence of even generated by adjacent neighbor where z(1)=0.5x(1)+0.5x(0),but x(0) = φ (0)is a missing data. Which of the following is not the choice without information expansion? 
选项：
A:A. Treat x(0) as a gray number and do not assign an exact value；
B:B. Zero assignment or arbitrary assignment;
C:C. Assign a value related to x(1); 
D:D. Cancel x(0) 
答案: 【D. Cancel x(0) 】

Chapter 4 Grey Incidence Analysis Models

1、 问题:The basic idea of gray Incidence Analysis is
选项：
A:A. Determine whether the connection is close according to the similarity of the geometric shape of the sequence curve.
B:B. Study the relationship between variables by regression analysis.
C:C. The basic idea is the same as principal component analysis.
D:D. The above answers are all wrong.
答案: 【A. Determine whether the connection is close according to the similarity of the geometric shape of the sequence curve.】

2、 问题:If   is an economic factor,   is time factor,   is the observation data of factor   at time  , then   is:
选项：
A:A. Time series of economic behavior 
B:B. Economic behavior index sequence
C:C. Economic behavior sector sequence
D:D. Horizontal sequence of economic behavior
答案: 【A. Time series of economic behavior 】

3、 问题:Set X_i=(x_i (1),x_i (2),⋯,x_i (n)) as the behavior sequence of factor X_i, D_1 as the sequence operator, and X_i D_1=(x_i (1)d_1,x_i (2)d_1,⋯,x_i (n)d_1), where x_i (k)d_1=x_i (k)/x_i (1); x_i (1)≠0, k=1,2,⋯,n,  then D_1 is
选项：
A:A. Initial valued operator
B:B. Averaging operator
C:C. Interval valued operator
D:D. Invert operator
答案: 【A. Initial valued operator】

4、 问题:The increment characteristic of sequence means that when the absolute increment of two growing sequences is the same, the relative growth rate of the sequence with small initial value is ( ) that of the sequence with large initial value.
选项：
A:A. greater than
B:B. equal to
C:C. not more than
D:D. less than
答案: 【A. greater than】

5、 问题:Which of the following is not the axioms of Grey Incidence Model：
选项：
A:A. Normalization
B:B. Integrality
C:C. Accidentally symmetry
D:D. Proximity

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