2020 医用发育生物学(北京大学) 最新满分章节测试答案
本答案对应课程为:点我自动跳转查看
本课程起止时间为:2020-03-03到2020-06-02
本篇答案更新状态:已完结
第二章 基本概念 第二章测试
1、 问题:Which of the following is a germ cell?
选项：
A:cells of the gonads
B:intestinal cells
C:sperm and eggs
D:zygotes
答案: 【sperm and eggs】
2、 问题:Which of the following basic developmental processes is most dependent on cellular movements?
选项：
A:cell differentiation
B:growth
C:morphogenesis
D:pattern formation
答案: 【morphogenesis】
3、 问题:A morphogen is
选项：
A:a cell or group of cells that signal other cells to become determined in a specific way
B:a gene that causes a cell or group of cells to adopt a particular shape
C:a signaling molecule that causes the differentiation of neighboring cells
D:a signaling molecule that confers concentration-dependent positional information
答案: 【a signaling molecule that confers concentration-dependent positional information】
4、 问题:What distinguishes stem cells from other cell types?
选项：
A:Although all cell types can divide, only stem cells differentiate after division.
B:Stem cells are able to divide to produce populations of cells that differentiate into a related set of cells.
C:Stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to one daughter cell that remains a stem cell, and a second daughter cell that differentiates into one or more cell types.
D:Stem cells have a special type of cell division in which they form small stems that then pinch off to give rise to the daughter cell.
答案: 【Stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to one daughter cell that remains a stem cell, and a second daughter cell that differentiates into one or more cell types.】
【作业】第二章 基本概念 第二章作业
1、 问题:The Greek philosopher Aristotle considered two opposing theories for development: preformation and epigenesis. Describe what is meant by these two ideas.
评分规则: 【 先成论包括古典先成论和改良先成论：古典先成论：胚胎中的一切都是从一开始就形成的，仅在发育过程中逐渐长大；改良先成论：除遗传子外，没有其它任何东西。后成论：胚胎中的新结构是逐渐形成的。现代细胞生物学奠定了“后成论”的基础：生殖细胞和胚胎细胞的相互作用，包括直接接触和信号传递，通过调控基因的差异化表达，调控了了细胞增殖、迁移、分化，导致了细胞的差别分化。
】
第三章 脊椎动物生命周期和发育概要 第三章测试
1、 问题:Which of the following is a vertebrate ‘model organism’ used in the study of development?
选项：
A:Drosophila melanogaster
B:Homo sapiens
C:Caenorhabditis elegans
D:Xenopus laevis
答案: 【Xenopus laevis】
2、 问题:The nervous system, heart, and liver are derived from ( ), ( ), and ( ), respectively.
选项：
A:all are derived from mesoderm
B:ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
C:endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
D:mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm
答案: 【ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm】
第四章 体轴建立 第四章测试
1、 问题: The ‘organizer’ in Xenopus is responsible for
选项：
A:inducing a mesodermal fate in nearby cells
B:helping to pattern the mesoderm along the dorso-ventral axis
C:specifying the dorsal region of the embryo
D:all of these events
答案: 【helping to pattern the mesoderm along the dorso-ventral axis】
2、 问题:A key factor that specifies the organizer in Xenopus embryos is:
选项：
A:GSK-3β
B:Fz7
C:Wnt-11
D:β-catenin
答案: 【β-catenin】
3、 问题:Maternal factors are
选项：
A:the energy-rich yolk present in the eggs of many species
B:the genes contributed to the embryo by the maternal haploid genome
C:the genes expressed by the zygotic genome in the egg
D:developmentally active mRNAs and proteins packaged into the egg by the mother
答案: 【developmentally active mRNAs and proteins packaged into the egg by the mother】
4、 问题:The positioning of the dorso-ventral axis in Xenopus is deter mined by ( ), while the positioning of the antero-posterior axis in chicks is deternined by ( ).
选项：
A:gravity; point of sperm entry
B:maternal factors in both cases
C:position in the egg chamber; gravity
D:the point of sperm entry; gravity
答案: 【the point of sperm entry; gravity】
【作业】第六章 体节 第六章作业
1、 问题:请简述Hox基因的作用。
评分规则: 【 Hox基因进化保守，在不同物种中都在染色体上线性排列和表达，其基因产物为转录因子，Hox基因的序列表达决定了体节沿前后轴形成，敲除和超表达Hox基因都会改变轴的图式形成。
】
第五章 胚胎来源和特化 第五章测试
1、 问题:If cells from the animal pole of a Xenopus blastula (animal cap cells) are placed in direct contact with cells from the vegetal region, what is the result?
选项：
A:An embryo forms with only ectodermal and endodermal derivatives.
B:Animal cap cells are induced by the vegetal cells to form meso dermal derivatives.
C:The embryo regulates and forms a normal embryo.
D:Vegetal hemisphere cells are induced by the animal cap cells to form mesodermal derivatives.
答案: 【Animal cap cells are induced by the vegetal cells to form meso dermal derivatives.】
2、 问题:Vg-1, Nodals, BMPs and activin are all members of which family of signaling molecules?
选项：
A:FGF
B:Hedgehog
C:TGF-β
D:Wnt
答案: 【TGF-β】
3、 问题:The Brachury protein is
选项：
A:an early marker of the mesoderm
B:an early marker of the endoderm
C:expressed throughout the ectoderm
D:only expressed after gastrulation
答案: 【an early marker of the mesoderm】
4、 问题:Endoderm and mesoderm are specified in the zebrafish blastoderm by
选项：
A:signals from the shield region
B:maternal signaling molecules laid down in the egg
C:a gradient of β-catenin signaling
D:a gradient of Nodal signaling
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