2024智慧树网课答案 Physiology生理学 最新完整智慧树知到满分章节测试答案

第一章 单元测试

1、 问题:Which of the following terms describes the body’s ability to maintain its normal state?（ ）
选项：
A:Anabolism
B:Catabolism
C:Tolerance
D:Homeostasis
E:Metabolism
答案: 【
Homeostasis
】

2、 问题:The level of research which can help to reveal the fundamental laws of life phenomena is（ ）
选项：
A:Cellular and molecular level
B:Organizational level
C:Overall level
D:Organ level
E:System level
答案: 【
Cellular and molecular level
】

3、 问题:The most active part of the internal environment is（ ）
选项：
A:Interstitial fluid
B:Urine
C:Cerebrospinal fluid
D:Lymph
E:Plasma
答案: 【
Plasma
】

4、 问题:The most basic feature of organism’s life activities is（ ）
选项：
A:Homeostasis
B:Feedback
C:Adaptability
D:Excitability
E:Metabolism
答案: 【
Metabolism
】

5、 问题:The False Statement about homeostasis is that（ ）
选项：
A:The physical and chemical properties of internal environment are relatively constant
B:The physical and chemical properties of the internal environment are absolutely constant
C:Homeostasis is a fundamental characteristic of the internal environment
D:An important way to maintain homeostasis is negative feedback
E:Homeostasis is dynamic equilibrium maintained by a variety of controls
答案: 【
The physical and chemical properties of the internal environment are absolutely constant
】

6、 问题:The basic modes of neuroregulation is（ ）
选项：
A:Reaction
B:Feedback
C:Reflection
D:Adapt
E:Excited
答案: 【
Reflection
】

7、 问题:The body’s main mode of regulation（ ）
选项：
A:Neuromodulation
B:Humoral regulation
C:Self-regulation
D:Positive feedback regulation
E:Negative feedback regulation
答案: 【
Neuromodulation
】

8、 问题:When it is cold, thyroid hormone increases because of（ ）
选项：
A:Neuromodulation
B:Humoral regulation
C:Self-regulation
D:Feedback adjustment
E:Neuro-humoral regulation
答案: 【
Neuro-humoral regulation
】

9、 问题:Under normal conditions, renal blood flow remains relative stable by（ ）
选项：
A:Neuromodulation
B:Humoral regulation
C:Self-regulation
D:Feedback regulation
E:Reflex
答案: 【
Self-regulation
】

10、 问题:The maintenance of body homeostasis mainly depends on（ ）
选项：
A:Negative feedback regulation
B:Positive feedback adjustment
C:Short feedback regulation
D:Feedforward regulation
E:Conditioned reflex
答案: 【
Negative feedback regulation
】

11、 问题:Which of the following organ activities is involved in maintaining homeostasis in the internal environment（ ）
选项：
A:Blood circulation
B:Respiration
C:Excretory function of the kidney
D:The digestion and absorption of the digestive system
E:Contraction of skeletal muscle
答案: 【
Blood circulation
Respiration
Excretory function of the kidney
The digestion and absorption of the digestive system
】

12、 问题:What is true about the physiological description（ ）
选项：
A:Belonging to a branch of biology
B:The object of study is organism
C:Study the laws of physical movement in the body
D:The normal physiological function of the body
E:It is not only a basic medical subject, but also an experimental subject
答案: 【
Belonging to a branch of biology
The object of study is organism
The normal physiological function of the body
It is not only a basic medical subject, but also an experimental subject
】

13、 问题:Belongs to the internal environment is（ ）
选项：
A:Interstitial fluid
B:Urine
C:Cerebrospinal fluid
D:Lymph
E:Plasma
答案: 【
Interstitial fluid
Urine
Lymph
Plasma
】

14、 问题:What is true about the description of humoral regulation（ ）
选项：
A:Quick and accurate
B:Long duration of action
C:Low sensitivity
D:Large scope of action
E:Slow action
答案: 【
Long duration of action
Large scope of action
Slow action
】

15、 问题:Physiological activities regulated by positive feedback（ ）
选项：
A:Blood coagulation
B:Thermoregulation
C:Childbirth
D:Action potential depolarization phase
E:Micturition reflex
答案: 【
Blood coagulation
Childbirth
Action potential depolarization phase
Micturition reflex
】

第二章 单元测试

1、 问题:Transmembrane transport of the following substances is not simple diffusion（ ）
选项：
A:O₂
B:CO₂
C:Amino acid
D:Urea
E:NH₃
答案: 【
Amino acid
】

2、 问题:Under physiological conditions, each cycle of sodium pump activity can make（ ）
选项：
A:2 Na⁺ are removed from inside the cell
B:2 K⁺ were transferred into the cell
C:3 Na⁺ were moved out of the cell, and 2 K⁺ were moved into the cell
D:2 Na⁺ cells were removed from the cell, and 3 K⁺ cells were moved into the cell
E:3 Na⁺ were moved out of the cell, and 3 K⁺ were moved into the cell
答案: 【
3 Na⁺ were moved out of the cell, and 2 K⁺ were moved into the cell
】

3、 问题:The mechanism of glucose absorption by renal tubular epithelial cells belongs to（ ）
选项：
A:Simple diffusion
B:Carrier mediated facilitated diffusion
C:Primary active transport
D:Secondary active transport
E:Passive transport
答案: 【
Secondary active transport
】

4、 问题:The resting potential is close to（ ）
选项：
A:Na⁺ equilibrium potential
B:K⁺ equilibrium potential
C:Cl^–equilibrium potential
D:Na⁺ equilibrium potential and K⁺ equilibrium potential
E:Ca²⁺ equilibrium potential
答案: 【
K⁺ equilibrium potential
】

5、 问题:When cells are stimulated and excited, the absolute value of the membrane potential decreases, which is called（ ）
选项：
A:polarization
B:Depolarization
C:Repolarization
D:Hyperpolarization
E:Reverse polarization
答案: 【
Depolarization
】

6、 问题:The main components of nerve cell action potential are（ ）
选项：
A:Threshold potential
B:Positive after-potential
C:Negative after-potential
D:Local potential
E:Peak potential
答案: 【
Peak potential
】

7、 问题:The most commonly used indicators to judge the level of tissue excitability are（ ）
选项：
A:Threshold intensity
B:Threshold potential
C:Duration of stimulation
D:Rate of time-intensity change of stimulus
E:Peak potential
答案: 【
Threshold intensity
】

8、 问题:Which of the following is a substance that aids the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles?（ ）
选项：
A:Acetylcholine
B:Cholecystokinin
C:Deoxyribose
D:Oxytocin
E:Prolactin
答案: 【
Acetylcholine
】

9、 问题:The basic structural units of skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation are:（ ）
选项：
A:Light band
B:dark band
C:H band
D:Sarcomere
E:Segment between two adjacent M lines
答案: 【
Sarcomere
】

10、 问题:The energy required for K⁺ outflow generating the resting potential comes from（ ）
选项：
A:Its own transmembrane concentration gradient
B:Potential gradient
C:Electrochemical gradient
D:ATP
E:Concentration gradient of Na⁺ across membrane formed by active transport of Na⁺ pump
答案: 【
Electrochemical gradient
】

11、 问题:The maximum action potential is generated when the cell is properly stimulated（ ）
选项：
A:Absolute refractory period
B:Relative refractory period
C:Supernormal period
D:Subnormal period
E:Normal period
答案: 【
Normal period
】

12、 问题:In the depolarization phase of nerve cell action potential Na⁺ transport belongs to（ ）
选项：
A:Simple diffusion
B:Facilited diffusion
C:Primary active transport
D:Secondary active transport
E:Exocytosis
答案: 【
Facilited diffusion
】

13、 问题:The outflow of K⁺ during an action potential is called（ ）
选项：
A:Polarization
B:Depolarization
C:Repolarization
D:Hyperpolarization
E:Reverse polarization
答案: 【
Repolarization
】

14、 问题:The common manifestation of most excitable cells responding to stimuli is to produce（ ）
选项：
A:contraction
B:Secretion
C:Nerve impulses
D:End plate potential
E:Action potential
答案: 【
Action potential
】

15、 问题:Substance that achieve the excitation-contraction coupling is（ ）
选项：
A:Ca²⁺
B:K⁺
C:Na⁺
D:Cl^–
E:Mg²⁺
答案: 【
Ca²⁺
】

16、 问题:The characteristics of facilitated diffusion mediated by a carrier is（ ）
选项：
A:Structural specificity
B:Competitive inhibition
C:Saturation
D:Independence of membrane proteins
E:Passive transport
答案: 【
Structural specificity
Competitive inhibition
Saturation
Passive transport
】

17、 问题:Statements about the resting potential of nerve fibers are correct（ ）
选项：
A:It is positive outside the membrane and negative inside the membrane
B:It is negative outside the membrane and positive inside the membrane
C:Its magnitude is close to K⁺ equilibrium potential
D:Its value is close to Na⁺ equilibrium potential
E:It is a relative stable potential
答案: 【
It is positive outside the membrane and negative inside the membrane
Its magnitude is close to K⁺ equilibrium potential
It is a relative stable potential
】

18、 问题:Factors affecting resting potential level include（ ）
选项：
A:Na⁺ concentration gradient between both sides of the membrane
B:K⁺ concentration gradient between both sides of the membrane
C:Na⁺ pump activity
D:Relative permeability of the membrane to K⁺ and Na⁺
E:Cl^– concentration gradient between both sides of the membrane
答案: 【
K⁺ concentration gradient between both sides of the membrane
Na⁺ pump activity
Relative permeability of the membrane to K⁺ and Na⁺
】

19、 问题:The characteristics of local reactions are that（ ）
选项：
A:The amplitude is hierarchical
B:Conduction shows attenuation
C:Degrees of varying refractory periods
D:Multiple local potential can be superimposed
E:Independent of stimulus intensity
答案: 【
The amplitude is hierarchical
Conduction shows attenuation
Multiple local potential can be superimposed
】

20、 问题:The 1:1 transmission of excitation at the nerve-muscle junction is due to（ ）
选项：
A:A nerve impulse releases a sufficient number of transmitters from the nerve endings
B:The end plate potentials generated are large enough
C:The absolute refractory period of endplate membrane is long
D:High excitability of endplate membrane
E:Ach was hydrolyzed by cholinesterase in the joint clearance in time
答案: 【
A nerve impulse releases a sufficient number of transmitters from the nerve endings
The end plate potentials generated are large enough
Ach was hydrolyzed by cholinesterase in the joint clearance in time
】

21、 问题:When cell excitability is reduced, which are correct in the following descriptions（ ）
选项：
A:The threshold intensity increases
B:The threshold intensity decreases
C:Upward shift of threshold potential
D:Downward shift of threshold potential
E:The threshold potential and threshold intensity remain unchanged
答案: 【
The threshold intensity increases
Upward shift of threshold potential
】

22、 问题:Which is correct in the following descriptions of secondary active transport（ ）
选项：
A:It is also called combined transport
B:Transport against the concentration gradient
C:Direct energy is the transmembrane concentration gradient of Na⁺
D:The rate of transport is independent of ATP in the cell
E:Including positive transfer and reverse transfer
答案: 【
It is also called combined transport
Transport against the concentration gradient
Direct energy is the transmembrane concentration gradient of Na⁺
Including positive transfer and reverse transfer
】

23、 问题:When the intracellular Na⁺ content is too high, it can（ ）
选项：
A:Activate the Na⁺ pump
B:Cause cell edema
C:Decrease the resting potential
D:Increased intracellular Ca²⁺ levels in many tissues
E:Decrease the level of amino acids in the epithelial cells of renal tubules
答案: 【
Activate the Na⁺ pump
Cause cell edema
Decrease the resting potential
Decrease the level of amino acids in the epithelial cells of renal tubules
】

24、 问题:When excitable cells are stimulated（ ）
选项：
A:Bioelectric changes occur firstly, and then external functional changes occur
B:Cells with different functions show different functional activities
C:Cells with different functions produce a common bioelectrical change called action potential
D:The generation of action potential is also called excitation
E:The action potential is caused by the depolarization of the membrane potential to the threshold potential
答案: 【
Bioelectric changes occur firstly, and then external functional changes occur
Cells with different functions show different functional activities
Cells with different functions produce a common bioelectrical change called action potential
The generation of action potential is also called excitation
The action potential is caused by the depolarization of the membrane potential to the threshold potential
】

25、 问题:In order to relax the muscle, which point can be suppressed during the process of the nerve-muscle junction（ ）
选项：
A:Ca²⁺ channels in nerve endings
B:Release of ACh from nerve endings
C:ACh receptor gated channel on endplate membrane
D:cholinesterase on endplate membrane
E:Nerve terminal cytoplasmic Ca²⁺
答案: 【
Ca²⁺ channels in nerve endings
Release of ACh from nerve endings
ACh receptor gated channel on endplate membrane
Nerve terminal cytoplasmic Ca²⁺
】

第三章 单元测试

1、 问题:Haematocrit refers to the ratio of red blood cells to（ ）
选项：
A:Plasma volume
B:White blood cell volume
C:Platelet volume
D:Blood volume
E:Blood cell volume
答案: 【
Blood volume
】